Jan 18th, 2010 - Stoichiometry (Zac)

-Stoichiometry is a branch of chemistry that deals with the quantitive analysis of chemical  reactions
-It is a generalization of mole conversions to chemical reaction
-Understanding the 6 types of chemical reactions is the foundation of stoichiometry
SYNTHESIS
A + B = AB
-Usually elements that form compounds
-The formation reactions must be balanced
eg.  2Al + 3F2 = 2AlF3
eg.  2SO2 + O2 = 2SO3
DECOMPOSITION
AB = A + B
-Reverse of Synthesis
-Always assume that the compounds decompose into single elements during the reaction
eg.  Mn(C2O4)2 = Mn + 4C +4O2
eg.  2C12H22O11 = 24C + 22H2 + 11O2
SINGLE REPLACEMENT
A + BC = B + AC
eg. 3Mg + 2(Al(NO3)3 = 2Al + 3Mg(NO3)2
DOUBLE REPLACEMENT
AB + CD = AD + BC
eg. 2Al(NO3)3 +3SrCO3 = Al2(CO3)3 + Sr(NO3)3
eg. AgNO3 + NaCl = NaNO3 + AgCl
NEUTRALIZATION
-A reaction between an acid and a base (acids usually include hydrogen & bases have hydroxide)
eg. 3Ca(OH)2 +2H3PO4 = Ca3(PO4)2 + 6HOH
COMBUSTION
-Reactions of something (usually hydrocarbon) with air
-Hydrocarbon compustion always produces carbon dioxide and water.
eg. CH4 + 4O2 = CO2 + 2H2O
eg. 4Al + 3O2 = 2Al2O3